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Towards an in situ non-lethal rapid test to accurately detect the presence of the nematode parasite, Anguillicoloides crassus, in European eel, Anguilla anguilla
- M. De Noia, R. Poole, J. Kaufmann, C. Waters, C. Adams, P. McGinnity, M. Llewellyn
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 149 / Issue 5 / April 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 January 2022, pp. 605-611
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Anguillicoloides crassus is an invasive nematode parasite of the critically endangered European eel, Anguilla anguilla, and possibly one of the primary drivers of eel population collapse, impacting many features of eel physiology and life history. Early detection of the parasite is vital to limit the spread of A. crassus, to assess its potential impact on spawning biomass. However accurate diagnosis of infection could only be achieved via necropsy. To support eel fisheries management we developed a rapid, non-lethal, minimally invasive and in situ DNA-based method to infer the presence of the parasite in the swim bladder. Screening of 131 wild eels was undertaken between 2017 and 2019 in Ireland and UK to validate the procedure. DNA extractions and PCR were conducted using both a Qiagen Stool kit and in situ using Whatman qualitative filter paper No1 and a miniPCR DNA Discovery-System™. Primers were specifically designed to target the cytochrome oxidase mtDNA gene region and in situ extraction and amplification takes approximately 3 h for up to 16 individuals. Our in-situ diagnostic procedure demonstrated positive predictive values at 96% and negative predictive values at 87% by comparison to necropsy data. Our method could be a valuable tool in the hands of fisheries managers to enable infection control and help protect this iconic but critically endangered species.
Pricing Immigration
- Simon Hix, Eric Kaufmann, Thomas J. Leeper
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- Journal of Experimental Political Science / Volume 8 / Issue 1 / Spring 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2020, pp. 63-74
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Immigration is highly salient for voters in Europe and the USA and has generated considerable academic debate about the causes of preferences over immigration. This debate centers around the relative influences of sociotropic or personal economic considerations, as well as noneconomic threats. We provide a test of the competing egocentric, sociotropic, and noneconomic paradigms using a novel constrained preference experiment in which respondents are asked to trade off preferred reductions in immigration levels with realistic estimates of the personal or societal costs associated with those reductions. This survey experiment, performed on a national sample of British YouGov panelists, allows us to measure the price-elasticity of the publicʼs preferences with regard to levels of European and non-European immigration. Respondents were willing to admit more immigrants when restriction carries economic costs, with egocentric considerations as important as sociotropic ones. People who voted for the UK to Leave the European Union in the 2016 referendum are less price-elastic than those voting Remain, indicating that noneconomic concerns are also important.1
Cortisol plasma levels are associated with serotonin - 1A receptor binding in postmenopausal women
- G. Kranz, A. Hahn, J. Ungersböck, U. Kaufmann, P. Stein, P. Baldinger, A. Höflich, S. Zgud, M. Mitterhauser, W. Wadsak, S. Kasper, R. Lanzenberger
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 933
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Introduction
Alterations of the serotonin-1A receptor (5-HT1A) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been reported in depression and anxiety disorders. We previously showed a strong negative correlation between cortisol plasma levels and 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BP) in patients with social anxiety disorder but not in healthy controls using PET [1].
ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship of cortisol and the 5-HT1A BP in postmenopausal women, a population that is at increased risk of suffering from depressive symptoms.
MethodsSubjects: 19 postmenopausal women, aged 55.26 ± 4.98, medication free, no current substance abuse or hormone replacement therapy.
PETDynamic measurements (50 frames, 90 min) were performed using the radioligand [carbonyl-11C]WAY100635 and a GE-Advance scanner. PET data were normalized to a ligand-specific template [2]. Regions-of-interest (ROI) were defined as given in [3]. TACs within ROIs were averaged and the 5-HT1A receptor BP was quantified using Logan-plot and PMOD 3.1. Measurement of total cortisol plasma levels was done using electrochemoluminescence.
ResultsWe found negative correlations between cortisol and 5-HT1A BP in the midbrain (Spearman's rs = −0.54, p = 0.02), the median raphe nucleus (rs = −0.47, p = 0.04) and the nucleus accumbens (rs = −0.505, p = 0.03).
ConclusionsIn line with our previous findings [1], the observed negative association between cortisol plasma levels and 5-HT1A BP might reflect an increased vulnerability for mood disorders in postmenopausal women.
Intraoperative Loss of Auditory Function Relieved By Microvascular Decompression of the Cochlear Nerve
- John B. Wahlig, Anthony M. Kaufmann, Jeffrey Balzer, Thomas J. Lovely, Peter J. Jannetta
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 26 / Issue 1 / February 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 August 2019, pp. 44-47
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Background:
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) are useful indicators of auditory function during posterior fossa surgery. Several potential mechanisms of injury may affect the cochlear nerve, and complete loss of BAEP is often associated with postoperative hearing loss. We report two cases of intraoperative auditory loss related to vascular compression upon the cochlear nerve.
Methods:Intra-operative BAEP were monitored in a consecutive series of over 300 microvascu-lar decompressions (MVD) performed in a recent twelve-month period. In two patients undergoing treatment for trigeminal neuralgia, BAEP waveforms suddenly disappeared completely during closure of the dura.
Results:The cerebello-pontine angle was immediately re-explored and there was no evidence of hemorrhage or cerebellar swelling. The cochlear nerve and brainstem were inspected, and prominent vascular compression was identified in both patients. A cochlear nerve MVD resulted in immediate restoration of BAEP, and both patients recovered without hearing loss.
Conclusion:These cases illustrate that vascular compression upon the cochlear nerve may disrupt function, and is reversible with MVD. Awareness of this event and recognition of BAEP changes alert the neurosurgeon to a potential reversible cause of hearing loss during posterior fossa surgery.
An Unusual Form of Motor Neuron Disease Following a Cat Bite
- Arthur J. Hudson, Harry V. Vinters, R. Charles Povey, Leslie A. Hatch, Dean H. Percy, John H. Noseworthy, John C.E. Kaufmann
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / May 1986
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2015, pp. 111-116
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A case of motor neuron disease with clinical and pathological resemblance to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a woman who was severely bitten on the ankle by a cat is described. Weakness first appeared at the ankles and relentlessly advanced proximally, terminating in death from pulmonary failure in a year. A number of unusual features that are uncharacteristic of ALS were found that included a markedly elevated antinuclear antibody titre in the serum and the presence of prominent oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. The spinal cord showed loss of anterior horn cells and pyramidal degeneration that are characteristic of ALS, but an extraordinary finding was the presence of transmural granulomatous inflammation of numerous small and medium sized vessels, especially veins, in the subarachnoid space around the cord. There were also inflammatory changes in the brainstem and spinal cord consisting of microglial and astrocytic nodules and perivenous cuffing by mononuclear cells. Ill-defined hyaline eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions were seen in some remaining anterior horn cells. No viral particles were found by electron microscopy despite an extensive search. Virological studies were inconclusive but there is reason to believe that this patient's illness was caused by an as yet unidentified virus.
Astrocytoma Following Scalp Radiotherapy in Infancy
- Douglas W. Zochodne, J. Gregory Cairncross, Felix P. Arce, John C.F. MacDonald, Warren T. Blume, John P. Girvin, John C.E. Kaufmann
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 11 / Issue 4 / November 1984
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2015, pp. 475-478
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A 24 year old woman with a 15 year history of intractable seizures underwent resection of a small low grade astrocytoma of the right mesial frontal lobe. The tumor arose beneath a benign scalp nevus that had been treated in infancy with radium patches and focal x-irradiation. Neuropathological changes within the tumor were compatible with radiation injury. Meningiomas and sarcomas complicate cranial irradiation but the evidence that gliomas do so is less convincing. Our observations support an association between radiation exposure and the subsequent development of glial tumors.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Pediatric Arteriovenous Malformations: A Canadian Experience
- Fred A. Zeiler, Maciej K. Janik, Patrick J. McDonald, Anthony M. Kaufmann, Derek Fewer, Jim Butler, Garry Schroeder, Michael West
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 43 / Issue 1 / January 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 August 2015, pp. 82-86
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Background: Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery for pediatric arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the brain presents a non-invasive treatment option. We report our institutional experience with GK for pediatric AVMs. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all pediatric patients treated with GK for cerebral AVMs at our institution from November 2003 up to and including September 2014. Patient demographics, AVM characteristics, treatment parameters and AVM responses were recorded.Results: Nineteen patients were treated, with 4 lost to follow-up. The mean age was 14.2 years (range. 7-18 years), with 10 being males (52.6%). The mean AVM diameter and volume were 2.68 cm and 3.10 cm3 respectively. The mean Spetzler-Martin (SM) and Pollock grades of the treated AVMs were 2.4 and 0.99 respectively. The mean follow-up was 62 months. All AVMs treated demonstrated a response on follow-up imaging. Nine of 15 (60.0%) patients displayed obliteration of their AVMs. Nine of 11 patients with a minimum of 3 years follow-up (81.8%) displayed obliteration, with SM and Pollock grades correlating to the chance of obliteration in this group. Two patients developed post-GK edema requiring short course dexamethasone therapy. No other major complications occurred. No permanent complications occurred.Conclusions: GK radiosurgery for pediatric AVMs offers a safe and effective treatment option, with low permanent complication rates during early follow-up.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery of Cavernous Sinus Meningiomas: An Institutional Review
- F. A. Zeiler, P. J. McDonald, A. M. Kaufmann, D. Fewer, J. Butler, G. Schroeder, M. West
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 39 / Issue 6 / November 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2014, pp. 757-762
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Introduction:
Stereotactic radiosurgery offers a unique and effective means of controlling cavernous sinus meningiomas with a low rate of complications.
Methods:We retrospectively reviewed all cavernous sinus meningiomas treated with Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery between November 2003 and April 2011 at our institution.
Results:Thirty patients were treated, four were lost to follow- up. Presenting symptoms included: headache (9), trigeminal nerve dysesthesias/paresthesias (13), abducens nerve palsy (11), oculomotor nerve palsy (8), Horner's syndrome (2), blurred vision (9), and relative afferent pupillary defect (1). One patient was asymptomatic with documented tumor growth. Treatment planning consisted of MRI and CT in 17 of 30 patients (56.7%), the remainder were planned with MRI alone (44.3%). There were 8 males (26.7%) and 22 females (73.3%). Twelve patients had previous surgical debulking prior to radiosurgery. Average diameter and volume at time of radiosurgery was 3.4 cm and 7.9 cm3 respectively. Average dose at the 50% isodose line was 13.5 Gy. Follow-up was available in 26 patients. Average follow-up was 36.1 months. Mean age 55.1 years. Tumor size post GK decreased in 9 patients (34.6%), remained stable in 15 patients (57.7%), and continued to grow in 2 (7.7%). Minor transient complications occurred in 12 patients, all resolving. Serious permanent complications occurred in 5 patients: new onset trigeminal neuropathic pain (2), frame related occipital neuralgia (1), worsening of pre-GK seizures (1), and panhypopituitarism (1).
Conclusion:GK offers an effective treatment method for halting meningioma progression in the cavernous sinus, with an acceptable permanent complication rate.
Gamma Knife for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations at a Single Centre
- F. A. Zeiler, P. J. McDonald, A. Kaufmann, D. Fewer, J. Butler, G. Schroeder, M. West
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 38 / Issue 6 / November 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2014, pp. 851-857
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Background:
We report the results of a consecutive series of patients treated with Gamma Knife (GK) Surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 69 patients treated with GK for cerebral AVMs between November 2003 and April 2009, recording clinical data, treatment parameters, and AVM obliteration rates in order to assess our effectiveness with GK in treating these lesions.
Results:Ten patients were lost to follow-up. Presentations included: seizure (24), hemorrhage (18), persistent headache (12), progressing neurological signs (10), and incidental (9). In 24 patients (34.8%) treatment planning consisted of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomogram (CT) angiography (CTA). Currently we rely predominantly on CTA and/or MRI scanning only. Fourty-one patients have been followed for a minimum of 3 years; average age 40.9yr., 58.5% males. Average dose at the 50% isodose line was 20.3 Gy (range 16 to 26.4 Gy). Obliteration was observed in 87.8% by MRI, CT, or DSA. Not all obliteration was confirmed by DSA. Complications occurred in 12 of 59 (20.3%) patients, and in 11 of 41 (26.8%) with 3 year follow-up. Major (temporary) complications for the 59 included symptomatic cerebral edema (7), seizure (2), and hemorrhage (1). Major permanent complications occurred in one patient suffering a cranial nerve V deafferentation, and in two patients suffering a hemorrhage.
Conclusion:GKS for cerebral AVM's offers an effective and safe method of treatment, with low permanent complication rate.
Clinical and Biochemical Heterogeneity in an Italian Family with CPT II Deficiency due to Ser 113 Leu Mutation
- Mubeen F. Rafay, E. Gordon Murphy, J. Denis McGarry, Petra Kaufmann, Salvatore DiMauro, Ingrid Tein
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 32 / Issue 3 / August 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2014, pp. 316-320
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Background:
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder which presents with recurrent myoglobinuria. Heterozygotes are usually asymptomatic.
Methods:We correlate the clinical, biochemical and molecular features of a family in which the proband is homozygous for CPT II deficiency, due to the common Ser 113 Leu mutation.
Results:The 20-year-old female proband presented at age three years with episodic myalgia and myoglobinuria, elevated creatine kinase (CK) of 3600 IU/L and had a 33% residual CPT II activity in cultured skin fibroblasts. Her 25-year-old dizygotic twin brothers presented with muscle stiffness following prolonged exercise but no overt pigmenturia and had interictal CKs up to 662 IU/L. Her parents and a 13-year-old brother are asymptomatic. An elder sister, not investigated, had recurrent pigmenturia and died at eight years with myoglobinuria. Molecular analysis revealed that the proband is homozygous for the Ser 113 Leu mutation. Her parents are heterozygotes with CPT II activities of 55% to 70%. Her younger brother is normal with 83% activity. The symptomatic twin brothers are heterozygous but demonstrated unexpectedly low CPT II activities of 40%, which may explain their phenotype.
Conclusion:We postulate that there may be genetic, environmental and sex hormonal factors accounting for this manifesting heterozygosity and biochemical heterogeneity in CPT II deficiency.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Large Vestibular Schwannomas: A Canadian Experience
- F. A. Zeiler, M. Bigder, A. Kaufmann, P. J. McDonald, D. Fewer, J. Butler, G. Schroeder, M. West
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 40 / Issue 3 / May 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 September 2014, pp. 342-347
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Object:
To review our institutional experience with Gamma Knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery in treating large vestibular schwannomas (VS) of 3 to 4 cm diameter.
Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort review of all patients treated with GK for VS at our institution between November 2003 and March 2012. Data on age, sex, VS volume, location and maximal diameter, House-Brackmann (HB) facial nerve scores pre and post-GK, Gardner-Robertson (GR) hearing score pre and post-GK, GK treatment parameters, VS response time, complications and clinical outcome was recorded.
Results:A total of 28 patients during the defined time period were identified. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up was 34.5 months. Tumor control occurred in 92%, and was maintained in 85.7% at two years. Facial nerve or hearing preservation occurred in all treated compared to pre-GK status, as per HB and GR grading. Transient complications occurred in 80%. Temporary vestibular dysfunction occurred in seven patients (28%). One patient (4%) had the permanent complication of worsening pre-GK hemifacial spasm. Four patients (16%) developed hydrocephalus post-GK.
Conclusion:GK stereotactic radiosurgery as a primary treatment modality for large VS can provide acceptable tumor control rates with good facial nerve and hearing preservation, and low complication rates.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for High Grade Glial Neoplasms: A Canadian Experience
- F.A. Zeiler, A.M. Kaufmann, P.J. McDonald, D. Fewer, J. Butler, G. Schroeder, M. West
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 40 / Issue 6 / November 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 September 2014, pp. 783-789
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Object:
To review our institutional experience with Gamma Knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery in treating focally recurrent high grade glial neoplasms of World Health Organization (WHO) grade III or IV.
Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort review of all patients treated with GK for focally recurrent high grade gliomas at our institution between November 2003 and April 2013. Data on age, sex, tumor volume, location and maximal diameter, presenting clinical status, complications and clinical outcome was recorded.
Results:A total of 33 patients were identified. Four were lost to follow-up. Average post-GK and overall survival was 20.4 months (range: 3 – 72) and 63.3 months (range: 10 – 214) respectively. For WHO grade IV gliomas, the average post-GK and overall survival was 15.8 months (range: 3 – 77) and 40.1 months (range: 13 – 148) respectively. Similarily, for WHO grade III gliomas, the average post-GK and overall survival was 34.9 months (range: 6 – 72) and 136.4 months (range: 22 – 214) respectively. Twenty-two patients (75.9%) had post-GK edema, with 14 requiring dexamethasone and eight being asymptomatic. Four patients (13.8%) had imaging defined radiation necrosis.
Conclusions:Gamma Knife SRS affords an extension of local tumor control, acceptable morbidity, and potentially prolonged survival, for highly selected patients with focally recurrent high grade glial neoplasms.
Gamma Knife in the Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas: Results of a Single Center
- F. A. Zeiler, M. Bigder, A. Kaufmann, P. J. McDonald, D. Fewer, J. Butler, G. Schroeder, M. West
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 40 / Issue 4 / July 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 September 2014, pp. 546-552
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Introduction:
Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas can offer a means of tumor and biologic control with acceptable risk and low complication rates.
Methods:Retrospective review of all the patients treated at our center with GK for pituitary adenomas from Nov 2003 to June 2011.
Results:We treated a total of 86 patients. Ten were lost to follow-up. Mean follow was 32.8 months. There were 21 (24.4%) growth hormone secreting adenomas (GH), 8 (9.3%) prolactinomas (PRL), 8 (9.3%) adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting (ACTH) adenomas, 2 (2.3%) follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone secreting (FSH/LH) adenomas, and 47 (54.7%) null cell pituitary adenomas that were treated. Average maximum tumor diameter and volume was 2.21cm and 5.41cm3, respectively. The average dose to the 50% isodose line was 14.2 Gy and 23.6 Gy for secreting and non-secreting adenomas respectively. Mean maximal optic nerve dose was 8.87 Gy. Local control rate was 75 of 76 (98.7%), for those with followup. Thirty-three (43.4%) patients experienced arrest of tumor growth, while 42 (55.2%) patients experienced tumor regression. Of the 39 patients with secreting pituitary tumors, 6 were lost to follow-up. Improved endocrine status occurred in 16 (50.0%), while 14 (43.8%) demonstrated stability of hormone status on continued pre-operative medical management. Permanent complications included: panhypopituitarism (4), hypothyroidism (4), hypocortisolemia (1), diabetes insipidus (1), apoplexy (1), visual field defect (2), and diplopia (1).
Conclusions:Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a safe and effective means of achieving tumor growth control and endocrine remission/stability in pituitary adenomas.
Contributors
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- By Federica Agosta, Alberto Albanese, Timothy J. Amrhein, A. M. Barrett, Walter S. Bartynski, Felix Benninger, Thomas Brandt, Andrew G. Burke, Michelle Cameron, Elisa Canu, Louis R. Caplan, Christine M. Carr, Daniel J. A. Connolly, Firouz Daneshgari, John DeLuca, Marianne de Visser, Marianne Dieterich, Antonio E. Elia, Joseph H. Feinberg, Massimo Filippi, Lauren C. Frey, Gaëtan Garraux, Andrea Ginestroni, Peter J. Goadsby, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, Simon J. Hickman, Holly E. Hinson, Jon P. Jennings, Jan Kassubek, Horacio Kaufmann, David M. Kaylie, Joanna Kitley, Vladimir S. Kostic, C. T. Paul Krediet, Megan C. Leary, Farooq H. Maniyar, Ken R. Maravilla, Mario Mascalchi, Rajarshi Mazumder, Priyesh Mehta, Jacqueline A. Palace, Raj M. Paspulati, Christopher A. Potter, Angelo Quattrini, Louis P. Riccelli, Nilo Riva, Maria A. Rocca, Mirabelle B. Sajisevi, Richard Salazar-Montero, Nicholas D. Schiff, Jack H. Simon, Israel Steiner, Carl D. Stevens, Bart P. van de Warrenburg, Judith van Gaalen, William J. Weiner, Jane L. Weissman, Jay Yao, G. Bryan Young
- Edited by Massimo Filippi, Jack H. Simon
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- Imaging Acute Neurologic Disease
- Published online:
- 05 October 2014
- Print publication:
- 11 September 2014, pp vi-viii
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- By Kern Alexander, Thomas Cottier, Isabel Feichtner, François Gianviti, Mario Giovanoli, Bernard Hoekman, Robert Howse, Christine Kaufmann, Mathias Kende, Markus Krajewski, Rosa M. Lastra, Jean-Victor Louis, Federico Lupo-Pasini, Iain Macneil, Gabrielle Z. Marceau, Juan Marchetti, John J. Maughan, Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, Nadia Rendak, Michele Ruta, Lucía Satragno, Robert Teh, Christian Tietje, Annamaria Viterbo, Rolf H. Weber, Claus D. Zimmermann
- Edited by Thomas Cottier, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Rosa M. Lastra, Queen Mary University of London, Christian Tietje, Martin Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
- Edited in association with Lucía Satragno, Universität Bern, Switzerland
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- The Rule of Law in Monetary Affairs
- Published online:
- 05 September 2014
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- 29 August 2014, pp x-xii
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Quality of life in obsessive compulsive disorder
- Alexandra S. Macy, Jonathan N. Theo, Sonia C. V. Kaufmann, Rassil B. Ghazzaoui, Paul A. Pawlowski, Hala I. Fakhry, Brian J. Cassmassi, Waguih William IsHak
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- CNS Spectrums / Volume 18 / Issue 1 / February 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2013, pp. 21-33
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a profound impact with a high disease burden. In order to truly understand the scope of the effect OCD has on the patient population, one must take into account not only the relentless symptoms beleaguering the patients but also examine their overall ability to enjoy their life. Quality of life (QOL) assessments/improvements are becoming an increasingly important component of healthcare, especially in the mental health field. This review examines QOL in OCD, as well as the influence of comorbidities, and the impact that OCD treatment has on QOL. We searched MEDLINE/PUBMED and PsycINFO databases from 1980–2011 using keywords “obsessive compulsive disorder” OR “OCD” AND “quality of life” OR “QOL.” Fifty-eight studies meeting specific selection criteria were ultimately included in this review. The results show that QOL in OCD is significantly impaired when compared to QOL in the general population and in patients with other psychiatric and medical disorders. Likewise, QOL in OCD also appears to be largely affected by comorbid conditions, which should be taken into account when developing a treatment plan. Furthermore, QOL in OCD has been shown to improve with medications and with both individual and group psychotherapy, albeit not to the levels enjoyed by community norms. QOL assessment in both clinical and research settings is important to examine the disease burden, to monitor treatment effectiveness, and to determine full recovery from OCD. Treatment providers should strive to not only reach symptom abatement, but also to assure that patients have regained satisfaction and functioning in their daily lives.
Comprehensive Comparison of Various Techniques for the Analysis of Elemental Distributions in Thin Films
- D. Abou-Ras, R. Caballero, C.-H. Fischer, C.A. Kaufmann, I. Lauermann, R. Mainz, H. Mönig, A. Schöpke, C. Stephan, C. Streeck, S. Schorr, A. Eicke, M. Döbeli, B. Gade, J. Hinrichs, T. Nunney, H. Dijkstra, V. Hoffmann, D. Klemm, V. Efimova, A. Bergmaier, G. Dollinger, T. Wirth, W. Unger, A.A. Rockett, A. Perez-Rodriguez, J. Alvarez-Garcia, V. Izquierdo-Roca, T. Schmid, P.-P. Choi, M. Müller, F. Bertram, J. Christen, H. Khatri, R.W. Collins, S. Marsillac, I. Kötschau
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 17 / Issue 5 / October 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 September 2011, pp. 728-751
- Print publication:
- October 2011
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The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 μm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits.
(P2-92) Hueh Emergency Medicine Triage: Lessons in Crowd Control
- K.R. Kaufmann, E. Oh, J. Lin
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 26 / Issue S1 / May 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 May 2011, p. s166
- Print publication:
- May 2011
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Background
On 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti was struck by a 7.0 Mw earthquake that devastated the city and destroyed much of the Haiti University and Educational Hospital. In the following weeks, a tent hospital was erected at the site and hundreds of patients were seen daily by expatriate healthcare volunteers. The high volumes of patients, disorganized hospital grounds, and high levels of stress among patients led to issues of crowd control.
DiscussionTo improve security a new triage system was designed and implemented based on current emergency medicine models. This design addressed patient flow, triage, environmental conditions, and differentiation of emergency services. The results of this system were a streamlined triage system as well as improved safety.
ConclusionsDuring the chaos following the Haiti earthquake, a triage design was implemented at the HUEH that lead to improved Emergency Department patient flow and hospital safety.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. 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- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Investigation of cellular mechanics by Atomic Force Microscopy
- F Heinemann, A Kaufmann, J Schäpe, R Stick, M Radmacher
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- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 16 / Issue S2 / July 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2010, pp. 1036-1037
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- July 2010
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.